![]() This can refer to the fact that she was the third child Zeus had. This led to some questioning whether who her father was, but most now claim that she was the daughter of Zeus and the adopted daughter of Triton.Įarly myths also use the terms third born and triple born to describe her. Triton took her in as his own child and raised her with Pallas, his biological daughter. A popular myth claims that after Zeus abandoned her, Athena wandered the world and found Triton. Hesiod mentioned her in Theogony where he gave her an epithet that meant born in Triton. Not only did the owl become the Athenian mascot, but it also became associated with knowledge.Īthena appeared in the Odyssey as well as Homeric Hymns. Others believe this association came from the artwork that shows her holding an owl in her hand. Historians believe that she likely earned her association with owls due to his description as it showed that she had the same type of face. Later translations changed this to mean her eyes were gray or blue and green. He described her as a beautiful woman with bright or gleaming eyes. ![]() Many of the descriptions of Athena come from Homer. Hygieia, which means health as she was a healthy woman. Aethyia is the name given to her by followers who lived in Megara This refers to the bridle and her similar inventions. Other epithets used in ancient Greece for her include: There were others who simply referred to her as the goddess. When Orestes faced charges of killing his mother, Athena served as the judge who oversaw his case.Īfter finding him not guilty, she became known as Areia. She earned the Ergane name to reflect her role as the helper of artisans. This museum and others also have many sculptures of the goddess.Īs one of the most famous Greek goddess figures, Athena has multiple epithets such as Polias, which shows that she was the protector of Athens. An inscription that bears his words is now in the archives of the British Museum. Alexander the Great was on hand to dedicate the temple. The acropolis also has large bronze and terracotta bells.Īthena Polias is another dedicated to her, which Pytheos of Priene designed. Originally made from bronze to show her connection to metal workers, locals later replaced it. One of those sanctuaries is the Spartan Acropolis, which has an epithet dedicated to her. Her cults established several sanctuaries in her honor. While some used these events in the hopes of meeting a suitable man for marriage and citizenship, others simply wanted to make friends and connect with others. Most of her followers were young women who believed in socializing with others both in their hometowns and other cities. Known as panhellenic cults, these groups consisted of women who followed traditional rites. Though usually associated with Athens, Athena had followers in other cities. She has no mother but one of the most commonly cited stories is that Zeus lay with Metis, the goddess of crafty thought and wisdom, and then swallowed her whole as he feared she will give birth to a child more powerful than him because of a prophecy – but she had already conceived. She is known most specifically for her strategic skill in warfare and is often portrayed as companion of heroes and is the patron goddess of heroic endeavour.Īthena was born from Zeus after he experienced an enormous headache and she sprang fully grown and in armour from his forehead. Many refer to her as a protector or a patron of major cities such as Athens. She also shares some things in common with Minerva from Roman mythology. In ancient Greek mythology, they often associated her with both warfare and wisdom as well as handicraft, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, strategic warfare, mathematics, strength, strategy, the arts, and skill. Athena is a Greek goddess known as both Pallas and Athene.
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